During the last 3 legislative sessions, New Mexico lawmakers have passed bills that addressed gun control.  The legislation has included expanding background check requirements for firearm purchases and passage of a “red flag” law that allows guns to be seized from individuals deemed to pose a threat to themselves or others.  More gun safety laws are expected to be introduce during the 2023 legislative session because of the spike in New Mexico firearm-related deaths.

The 2023 New Mexico legislative session is once again emerging as a banner year for more gun control legislation.  The proposed legislation ranges from banning the possession of AR-15-style rifles to requiring gun storage away from children. Other measures include banning firearms at polling places, a 14-day waiting period for all firearm purchases and the legal liability of gun manufacturers.

GOVERNOR LUJAN GRISHAM BACKED MEASURES

Before becoming Governor, Michelle Lujan Grisham was a strong advocate of gun control during her years in congress.   During her first term as Governor, Lujan Grisham pushed lawmakers to pass gun safety legislation.  She said through a spokeswoman she plans to continue that effort during the 2023 legislative session. Lujan Grisham spokeswoman Maddy Hayden said this:

“The governor will pursue a robust package of common-sense gun safety legislation in the upcoming session, the details of which will be decided in the coming weeks. … The governor is clear: New Mexicans are beyond sick and tired of crime, and gun violence continues to be a nationwide scourge that warrants immediate and outcomes-focused attention.”

Governor Lujan Grisham announced in her January 17 “State of the State” address she is supporting enactment of further gun control measures.  She has announced support of the following 4 gun control measures in this year’s 2023 60 day legislative session:

• Banning the sale of AR-15-style rifles.
• Allowing crime victims to sue gun manufacturers.
• Making it a crime to fail to properly secure a firearm that’s accessible to an unsupervised minor. Santa Fe Democrat State Representative Reena Szczepanski said this about the gun safety storage bill:

“Firearms have increased to become the leading cause of death for children. …This is a huge public health crisis now for children. …  [The safely storing firearms]  bill … is really geared at keeping children safe, keeping children safe in their homes, and really addressing responsible storage. …  I think we can do this in a way gun owners can support and that addresses safety.”

• Closing a loophole in state law to allow prosecution when a person buys a gun for a someone who isn’t legally able to make the purchase themselves, a transaction known as a straw purchase.

In her State of the State address, she told lawmakers this:

“We all know that we cannot keep our people safe, [we] can’t keep our police officers and their families safe if weapons of war continue to flood our neighborhoods.”

GUN BILLS INTRODUCED

Lawmakers were allowed to prefile legislation starting January 3 for the 60-day legislative session, which got underway on January 17. Unlike the shorter 30-day sessions held during even-numbered years, bills dealing with any type of subject issue can be proposed without approval from the governor during the longer 60-day sessions.  Thus far the following 6 measures have been introduced:

House Bill 9: Create the crime of negligently making a firearm accessible to a minor.

House Bill 50: Prohibit magazines with more than 10 rounds.

House Bill 72: Prohibit possession of semiautomatic firearm converter that allows the weapon to fire more rapidly.

House Bill 100: Establish a 14-day waiting period for the purchase of a firearm.

House Bill 101: Prohibit possession of assault weapons – such as certain semiautomatic rifles and pistols – and magazines of 10 rounds or more.

Senate Bill 44: Prohibit carrying a firearm within 100 feet of a polling place during an election.

Senate Bill 116: Raise the minimum age to 21 for purchasing an automatic or semiautomatic firearm. Santa Fe Democrat State Representative Reena Szczepanski described the bill increasing the age to purchase an assault weapon as closing a loophole.  She said this:

“It’s basically closing a bit of a loophole, because right now the age to purchase other types of handguns, is 21.  And so we’re looking at just this incremental approach.”

FIREARM STORAGE BILL ADVANCES IN THE HOUSE

On January 25, House Bill 9, the bill making it a crime to negligently making a firearm accessible to a minor, was voted with a “Do Pass” recommendation in House Consumer and Public Affairs Committee on a 4 to 2 vote along party lines. 4 Democrats voted Yes and 2 Republicans voted NO. Under the law  criminal charges could only  be brought  if the minor later brandishes or displays the firearm in a threatening way or uses it to kill or injure someone.

Under House Bill 9, adult gun owners could not be charged, even if a minor gained access to their gun, under the follow circumstances:

1. If they’d stored the firearm in a secure container or other place a reasonable person would believe is secure
2. The firearm was locked and inoperable
3. A minor broke into the home or
4. The gun was used in self-defense.

Albuquerque area Representative  Pamelya Herndon, a co-sponsor of House Bill 9, said the bill has exemptions intended to protect good-faith efforts to safely store firearms.

For over 2 hours, the committee heard testimony from dozens of gun owners, law enforcement leaders and residents in support and in opposition to the legislation.

Democrat supporters of House Bill 9 said the proposal could save lives by ensuring that gun owners who are parents would take sufficient steps to ensure their guns are secured and that their children  would not have access to their parent’s gun.

Retired engineer Regina Griego, whose nephew shot and killed five family members in 2013, told the committee the bill could save lives by ensuring children  cannot take a parent’s gun. Grego told the committee:

“I’m convinced, without easy access to these firearms, my family members would be alive today.”

Vanessa Sawyer, the grandmother of Bennie Hargrove, who was shot and killed by another student who took his parent’s gun to school, also testified in favor of passage.

Republican opponents of House Bill 9 argued the law might leave gun owners without quick access to a firearm for self-defense. They also suggested firearms are being singled out inappropriately when knives, cars and other items also do tremendous harm.

Louie Sanchez, the owner of Calibers indoor shooting ranges, said the proposed legislation  is “misguided”.  Sanchez said this:

“We’re opposed to a punitive law. … There’s no substitute for education, and we all know that.”

House Bill 9 was  referred to the House Judiciary Committee were it will likely again receive a Do Pass recommendation and referred to  the full House of Representatives for a full vote. If it passes the House,  it will then be referred to the Senate where it will go through the Senate Committee process before a full Senate vote.

The link to the quoted news source is here:

https://www.abqjournal.com/2567439/firearm-storage-bill-advances-in-the-house.html

EXPECT HEATED OPPOSTION

As is the case in past legislative sessions on proposed gun measures, you can expect heated debate and organized opposition an all gun control legislation.

REPUBLICAN OPPOSITION

All the gun control legislation will face fierce opposition from Republican lawmakers and likely all New Mexico Sherriff’s.  Most New Mexico sheriffs strenuously opposed the 2021 “red flag” gun law bill advocated by Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham that allows law enforcement officers, contingent on a judge’s approval, to seize guns from individuals that are found to pose an immediate safety risk.  The Sheriffs falsely argued the law was “unconstitutional” and then politically retaliated against the Governor by supporting or endorsing her Republican opponent, Mark Ronchetti.

Sandia Park Republican Stefani Lord said Democrt sponsored gun safety proposals focus on a “tool” used to commit crimes, but not the issues that are driving the increase in New Mexico violent crime rates.  Lord said that it is drug addiction, mental illness and illicit firearm trafficking that need to be addressed.  Lord said this:

“I feel the gun bills they present are consistently going after responsible gun owners and are not addressing crime issues.  … On the Democrat side, they are constantly pushing to focus on just the tool, the tool that is used to commit a crime, and not the issues that are actually behind all the reasons that we have very high levels of crime. We are lacking severely on behavioral health and rehabilitation.  … I know that there’s some bills being drafted for mental health and for rehabilitation, for drug addiction, and maybe those will get through, or maybe we can actually work together. Because I feel if the Republicans and the Democrats could work together on some of these issues, we might actually do what is best for New Mexico.”

Republican State Representative Stefani Lord from Sandia Park relied on  the traditional Republican dogma argument the gun legislation will  turn law-abiding gun owners into felons just for having property they legally purchased. She said that would be the case with bans on AR-15-style rifles or magazines with more than 10 rounds.  Lord said this:

“The criminals are going to have access to whatever they want. … I’m trying to make sure that our legal gun owners still have a way to defend themselves, their home, their property, their livestock.”

Lord went so far to say that even some of the less expansive, reasonable  gun proposals are problematic.  She said a gun storage requirement might leave a woman without enough time to defend herself against a violent ex-husband. She said this:

“They need to be able to protect themselves.  … Especially in rural America, it takes a while for law enforcement officers to get there.”

Advocates for gun owners say the number of gun proposals this year is unusual.  Zac Fort of the New Mexico Shooting Sports Association said none of the legislation is an effective way to combat crime. Fort said this:

“We’re used to seeing a lot of bills  … but I think the severity of the bills has definitely increased this year. … We’re not able to hold criminals accountable right now. … I don’t think it’s a problem that we don’t have enough laws. I think it’s a problem of prosecution.”

DEMOCRAT SUPPORT

The New Mexicans to Prevent Gun Violence is backing the legislation the Governor is supporting.

Miranda Viscoli, co-president of New Mexicans to Prevent Gun Violence said she’s optimistic about significant legislation making it to the governor’s desk this year proclaiming the political environment has changed and that lawmakers have seen the impact of the bills they have already passed.  She also said the rise in violence amid the pandemic proves there’s more to be done. Viscoli said this:

“We’re realizing we passed some pretty good gun-violence prevention laws, … They’re working, and they’re not taking everybody’s guns away. … People are literally tired of the gun violence.”

Santa Fe Democrat State Representative Andrea Romero is sponsoring an assault weapon ban and waiting period for gun purchases. She said she’s seen the “tide change” at the Capitol in recent years. She said the massacre of children in Uvalde, Texas, last year was the tipping point for her that motivated her to propose new restrictions.  Romero told the Albuquerque Journal in an interview:

“These are really smart pieces of legislation. … We’re not just trying to take away guns.”

Albuquerque area Democrat Representative Pamelya Herndon has said she plans to again sponsor legislation to make it a crime for adults to fail to keep their firearms out of the reach of children.  Herdon’s legislation was the result  of  the 2021 killing of eighth-grader Bennie Hargrove at Jefferson Middle school. The legislation is supported by a group of Albuquerque students who have mobilized against gun violence.

Herndon’s legislation failed during the last session due to concerns about possible unintended consequences and she said changes to the legislation will be made to address critics concerns.  Critics argued the firearm storage bill would place responsible gun owners in jeopardy of facing criminal charge.  In response, Herndon said this:

“The purpose of the legislation is not to create another criminal penalty but the purpose of the legislation is to remind gun owners and firearm owners that you have a responsibility to keep those firearms safely secured if you decide to own one.  And when you are negligent in that responsibility there will be a penalty.  It is not the goal to just criminalize people, but we want them to be aware of their responsibilities if they intend to be gun owners.  … We addressed those and we need specific exclusions because we know people can’t be in control of all situations. Changes to the proposed law will include indemnifying adults whose guns are obtained by minors during robberies.”

NEW MEXICO GUN OWNERSHIP, GUN VIOLENCE EXAMINED

New Mexico’s firearm ownership and fatality rate is among the nation’s highest.  In 2016 over 37% of adults in the state lived in a household with a firearm which is 5% percentage points higher than the national average according to the think tank Rand Corp.

According to the New Mexico Department of Health, there were a total of 562 state residents who died in 2021 due to firearm-related injuries.  This figure is up significantly from the 481 firearm-related deaths in 2020. Of the 562 state residents who died in 2021 due to firearms, 319 cases, were classified as suicides and 243 were classified as homicides. In New Mexico, the rate of 14.9 firearm-related deaths per every 100,000 residents in 2010 nearly doubled over the last decade and there were 23 such deaths for every 100,000 residents in 2020.

The Albuquerque Police Department reported that in November, gun law violations spiked 85% this year alone. The last two years have also been two very violent years for Albuquerque.  The number of homicides in the city have broken all-time records.  In 2021, there were 117 homicides, with 3 declared self-defense reducing homicide number to 114. In 2022, there were 115 homicides as of December 3, 2022.

It has also been reported that there have been more APD police officer shootings in 2022 than during any other year before.  In 2022, there were  18 APD Police Officer involved shootings,10 of which were fatal.  In 2021 there were 10, four of which were fatal.

Crime rates in Albuquerque are high across the board. According to the Albuquerque Police’s annual report on crime, there were 46,391 property crimes and 15,765 violent crimes recorded in 2021.  These numbers place Albuquerque among America’s most dangerous cities.

All residents are at increased risk of experiencing aggravated robbery, auto theft, and petty theft.  The chances of becoming a victim of property crime in Albuquerque are 1 in 20, an alarmingly high statistic. Simple assault, aggravated assault, auto theft, and larceny are just some of the most common criminal offenses in Albuquerque. Burglary and sex offense rates In Albuquerque are also higher than the national average.

Links to quoted news sources are:

https://www.volunteerworld.com/en/review/travellers-worldwide

https://www.kob.com/new-mexico/new-mexico-lawmakers-to-propose-gun-safety-bills/

https://www.kob.com/new-mexico/apd-stats-show-increase-in-shootings-with-police/

https://www.abqjournal.com/2556861/gun-safety-bills-could-spark-debate-at-roundhouse-amid-rise-in-firearm.html

ALBUQUERQUE JOURNAL GUN CONTROL POLL

From August 31 through to September 3, the Albquerquerqu Journal published a series of front-page articles of a poll conducted primarily for the 2022 midterm election.  One report covered the gun control measures.  On  September 4, the Journal published poll results on two-gun control proposals.  Both proposals received overwhelming bi partisan support.  The poll questions and results were as follows:

DO YOU SUPPORT OR OPPOSE LEGISLATION IN NEW MEXICO TO RAISE THE AGE FROM 18 TO 21 TO PURCHASE AN AR-15 STYLE SEMI-AUTOMATIC RIFLE?

Support: 72%

Oppose:  21%

It depends: 4%

Don’t know/won’t say: 2%

POLITICAL PARTY BREAKDOWN

Democrat Support: 85%, Democrat Opposition: 11%

Republican Support: 53%, Republican Opposition: 35%

DO YOU SUPPORT OR OPPOSE MAKING IT A CRIME IF A PERSON FAILS TO SAFELY SECURE A FIREARM FROM CHILDREN?

Support: 73%

Oppose: 14%

It depends: 10%

Don’t know/won’t say: 3%

POLITICAL PARTY BREAKDOWN

Democrat Support: 81%, Democrat Opposition:  9%

Republican Support: 61%, Republican Opposition: 22%

Other Party Support: 74%, Other Party Opposition: 10%

While Democratic voters were significantly more likely to support the gun control measures, a majority of Republican voters surveyed also expressed support for both proposals. A total of 61% of GOP voters surveyed support making it a crime to fail to store guns safely around children, while 53% of Republicans said they support raising the minimum age to purchase AR-15-style rifles.

COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS

It is difficult to gage what effect, if any, the passage of “gun safety” measures will have on reducing gun violence and mass shootings.  More realistic proposals that will likely reduce gun violence would be federal laws banning the manufacturing, sale or distribution of AR-15 style semi-automatic rifles.  In the state, gun registration, banning large capacity gun magazines and types of ammunition and mandatory background checks and perhaps repealing the state’s open carry provision in its constitution may reduce gun violence.

ENACT “OMNIBUS GUN VIOLENCE AND GUN CONTROL” ACT

What the 2023 New Mexico Legislature should seriously consider is a more comprehensive approach to gun control and enact an “Omnibus Gun Violence And Gun Control Act”.  Such an act should include sweeping legislation to deal with gun control, gun violence and violent crime in the state.

ENHANCEMENT CRIMINAL SENTENCINGS

The following increases in enhancements should be included in the “Omnibus Gun Violence And Gun Control Act”:

1. Increase the firearm enhancement penalties provided for brandishing a firearm in the commission of a noncapital felony from 3 years to 10 years for a first offense and for a second or subsequent noncapital felony in which a firearm is brandished 12 years.
2. Create a new category of enhanced sentencing for use of a lethal weapon or deadly weapon other than a firearm where there is blandishment of a deadly weapon, defined as an item or object used to inflict mortal or great bodily harm, in the commission of a noncapital felony with enhanced sentences of 5 years for a first offense and for second or subsequent noncapital felony in which a lethal weapon other than a firearm is brandished 8 years.
3. Enact legislation making it a 4th degree felony punishable up to 18 months in jail for failure to secure a firearm. Gun owners would have to keep their firearms in a locked container or otherwise make them inaccessible to anyone but the owner or other authorized users.
4. Increase the penalty of shooting randomly into a crowded area from a petty misdemeanor to a fourth-degree felony.
5. Allow firearms used in a drug crime to be charged separately.

GUN CONTROL LEGISLATION

The “Omnibus Gun Violence And Gun Control Act”  should include the following gun control legislation:

1. Call for a constitutional amendment to repeal the New Mexico Constitutional provision that allows the “open carry” of firearms. This would require a public vote and no doubt generate heated discussion given New Mexico’s high percentage of gun ownership for hunting, sport or hobby.
2. Prohibit in New Mexico the sale of “ghost guns” parts. Ghost guns are guns that are manufactured and sold in parts without any serial numbers to be assembled by the purchaser and that can be sold to anyone.
3. Require in New Mexico the mandatory purchase of “liability insurance” with each gun sold as is required for all operable vehicles bought and driven in New Mexico.
4. Review additional bail bond reforms and statutorily empower judges with more authority and more discretion to hold and jail those pending trial who have prior violent crime convictions.
5. Institute mandatory extended waiting periods to a month for all sales and gun purchases.
6. Implement in New Mexico mandatory handgun licensing, permitting, training, and registration requirements.
7. Ban the sale in New Mexico of “bump-fire stocks” and other accessories.
8. Provide more resources and treatment for people with mental illness.
9. Limit gun purchases to one gun per month to reduce trafficking and straw purchases.

KEEPING FIREARMS OUT OF THE HANDS OF CHILDREN

Given the severe increase of murders of children at the hands of children, the “Omnibus Gun Violence And Gun Control Act” needs to include provisions directed at keeping firearms out of the hands of children and holding adults owner of guns responsible for their guns. Provisions that should be considered are as follows:

1. Currently, you must be at least 19 years old to legally possess a handgun in New Mexico and there is no minimum age to possess rifles and shotguns. Expand the age limitation of 19 to rifles and shotguns,
2. Currently, the unlawful possession of a handgun by someone under age 19 is a misdemeanor carrying a penalty of from 6 months to one year in jail. It should be classified as an aggravated fourth-degree felony mandating a 2-year minimum sentence.
3. Expand the prohibition of deadly weapons from a school campus to school zones.
4. The case of any juvenile arrested possession of a weapon and charged by law enforcement are to be referred the District Attorney for automatic prosecution.
5. Make it a felony, in certain circumstances, if a person recklessly stores a firearm and a minor gains access to it to threaten or harm someone. If a firearm is accessed by a minor and used in the commission of a crime resulting in great bodily harm or death, the person responsible for storing the firearm could be charged with an aggravated fourth-degree felony, carrying a 24 month prison sentence. If a firearm were accessed by a minor and used in the commission of a lesser crime, the person responsible for keeping or storing the firearm could have been charged with a 4th degree felony punishable by up to a 18 months in jail.
6. Mandate public school systems and higher education institutions to “harden” their facilities with more security doors, security windows, security measures, including metal detectors at single entrances designated and alarm systems and security cameras tied directly to law enforcement 911 emergency operations centers. Legislative funding needs to be provided to accomplish the requirement.

FINAL COMMENTARY

All 7 of the legislative measures introduced in the 2023 New Mexico State Legislature in and of themselves are first good steps to help curb gun violence  but in all likelihood do not even come close to what is actually needed to have an impact on preventing gun violence.  A far more comprehensive approach is what is needed in the form of an “Omnibus Gun  Control Act”.